An Azure tenant is a dedicated instance of Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) that an organization uses to manage access to its resources in the Azure cloud.
Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) is specifically focused on managing user identities and access to Microsoft cloud services. Azure Identity service encompasses a broader range of identity-related services within the Azure ecosystem, including Azure AD but also other services like Azure Key Vault and Azure AD B2C.
AD DS: Active Directory Domain Services - Manages users, groups, computers, and devices in a network, providing authentication and directory services.
AD CS: Active Directory Certificate Services - Enables organizations to issue digital certificates for secure communication and authentication within a network.
Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) enables single sign-on (SSO) authentication across different organizational boundaries. Common use cases include providing seamless access to cloud-based applications, enabling access for partners or vendors, and integrating identity management across multiple systems and platforms.
Active Directory Rights Management Services is used for protecting digital information, controlling access to documents, enforcing security policies, facilitating secure collaboration, and auditing access to protected content.