What is the minimum and maximum size of EBS root volume?

minimum 1gb to max 16 tb

How can one recover the data from a deleted EBS volume?

you cant recover the date from a deleted EBS

Will detaching a EBS volume from a running EC2 instance result in loss of data stored on the volume?

No

How do you reduce the size of the EBS volume which is attached to a EC2 instance?

you cant reduce the size

What is the minimum and maximum size of EBS root volume?