What is the fundamental difference between Vertical and Horizontal scaling?

Vertical scaling (Scale Up/Down): Increases the capacity of a single server by adding more CPU, RAM, or storage.
Horizontal scaling (Scale Out/In):Increases capacity by adding or removing multiple servers to handle the load.

What is Software as a Service (SaaS)?

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a cloud computing model where software applications are delivered over the internet and accessed through a web browser, without needing installation or maintenance on the user’s device.

When should a company use a Hybrid Cloud model?

A company should use a Hybrid Cloud model when it needs to combine on-premises infrastructure with public cloud services for flexibility, security, and cost control.

What is the main difference between "Standard" and "Convertible" Reserved Instances?

Standard Reserved instance is maximum discount , Convertable reserved instace is lower discount.

What happens to an EBS volume when an EC2 instance is terminated?

EBS volume become available state