How does Aurora handle read scaling? What are the two types of instances in an Aurora cluster that handle read and write traffic, respectively?

Aurora scales reads by using Aurora Replicas that offload read traffic from the primary.
The primary instance handles reads and writes, while replicas handle read-only operations.

How many copies of data does Aurora synchronously replicate across Availability Zones (AZs), and why?

Amazon Aurora synchronously replicates six copies of data across three Availability Zones.

What is the minimum and maximum storage capacity for an Aurora cluster?

Amazon Aurora automatically scales storage from a minimum of 10 GB up to a maximum of 128 TB per cluster.
This allows the database to grow seamlessly as data increases without manual intervention.

How does Aurora differ fundamentally from a standard MySQL or PostgreSQL database running on Amazon RDS?

Aurora is a cloud-optimized, fully managed database offering higher performance and availability than standard MySQL or PostgreSQL.

What is the purpose of a Security Group when using ElastiCache?

A Security Group for ElastiCache controls inbound and outbound traffic to the cache cluster.
It ensures that only authorized EC2 instances or resources can connect to the cache over the allowed ports.